The Highest Levels of Maslow’s Hierarchical Needs: Self-actualization and Self-transcendence
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DOI:
https://doi.org/10.14689/issn.2148-2624.1.7c.4s.17mKeywords:
Maslow, phenomenological approach, hierarchical needs, self-actualization, self-transcendenceAbstract
According to the study of Koltko-Rivera (2006), Maslow, toward the end of his life, highlighted a new stage of needs in the name of self-transcendence The level of “self-transcendence” representing the highest level of Maslow’s hierarchical needs in phenomenological structure for psychological aspect, indicates both intrinsic and extrinsic developmental process of individual. For instance, independence, self-actualization, identity achievement and effective social connection are the products of “self-transcendence”. This study is the first in related field to literally express the statement of self-transcendence in Turkish language. Besides, it was evaluated the cultural and individualized factors of recent studies might present differences in the area of self-actualization and self-transcendence. Thus, it was considered to develop tests and scales related to the level of self-transcendence. Specifically, hoping to be more beneficial to update the services given in the field of education, psychology and counselling by considering the new needs of individual.
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